In biomass drying production lines, whether converting forestry waste, agricultural straw, or industrial biomass waste into high-quality solid fuel (such as pellet fuel), feed, or organic fertilizer, drying is a crucial pretreatment step. Biomass raw materials typically have a high moisture content, making direct utilization inefficient and difficult to store. Within this drying system, its core functions are primarily reflected in the following aspects:
1. Providing a Stable, Efficient, and Economical Heat Source
A biomass dryer is essentially a hot air drying system, and its efficiency is directly dependent on the quality and cost of the heat source. Air distribution plates at the bottom of the furnace evenly distribute air, keeping the bed material and biomass fuel particles in a suspended, boiling state. This large gas-solid contact area ensures highly complete combustion, typically achieving combustion efficiencies exceeding 95% or even 98%, far exceeding those of traditional layer-fired furnaces. This means that the chemical energy in the fuel is extracted to the maximum extent possible and converted into heat.
Reduced Energy Costs: With minimal or no reliance on expensive fossil fuels such as coal and natural gas, operating costs are extremely low.
2. Excellent Fuel Adaptability and Flexibility
It can efficiently burn a variety of fuels, including but not limited to wood chips, sawdust, rice husks, straw, bagasse, and even some low-calorific organic waste. Fuel particle size and moisture content requirements are relatively relaxed (moisture content generally needs to be below 50%, but still significantly higher than boiler requirements), significantly reducing fuel pretreatment requirements and costs.
Operational Process
A portion of wet biomass feedstock (or specialized fuel) is simply crushed and fed into the fluidized bed via a feeder. The fuel mixes with the hot bed material in the fluidized bed, where it undergoes thorough boiling and combustion under strong airflow, releasing a significant amount of heat. Cool air is heated to clean, high-temperature hot air by a heat exchanger installed within the furnace (or an indirect hot air furnace design to prevent flue gas contamination of the material). This hot air is then fed into a biomass dryer (such as a drum, airflow, or belt dryer), where it fully contacts the wet material for heat exchange and evaporates moisture. The dried material has a significantly reduced moisture content, becoming a stable, high-quality feedstock suitable for subsequent further processing (such as pelletizing and carbonization).
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